Best USB hubs and docking stations 2026: 8 Compared (13 Sources)
What are the best USB hubs and docking stations in 2026?
TL;DR
Top pick: CalDigit TS4 ($379.99, Thunderbolt 4) — 18 ports, 230W PSU delivering 98W upstream, 2.5GbE, universal Mac/Windows/Chrome support.
Best value: Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99, USB4) — 14 ports, dual 4K@120Hz, 180W PSU delivering 100W, now 23% off list.
Best budget: Anker 555 8-in-1 Hub ($35.99, USB-C) — 4K@60Hz HDMI (DP 1.4 hosts only), Gigabit Ethernet, 85W pass-through. Two big August moves: the Anker 778 Thunderbolt 4 dock collapsed from $300 to $199.99, and the Thunderbolt 5 Plugable TBT-UDT3 rose from $255 to $299.95. [src1, src2, src3, src5, src6, src7, src8]
Summary
The USB-C hub and docking station market in 2026 splits into three tiers: budget hubs under $50 for basic port expansion, mid-range USB4/DisplayLink docks ($150-$250) for dual-monitor desk setups, and premium Thunderbolt 4/5 docks ($280-$500) for professionals who need maximum bandwidth and display support. Thunderbolt 5 is now the top of the range but prices have firmed rather than fallen — the Plugable TBT-UDT3 is back to its $299.95 list (it dipped to ~$255 in July), with the CalDigit TS5 ($399) and TS5 Plus ($499, 20 ports and 330W) topping every reviewer's chart at 80-120 Gbps and 140-330W power delivery. [src2, src3, src6, src8]
For most users, the CalDigit TS4 remains the best overall docking station in 2026 — its 18 ports, 98W upstream charging from a 230W supply, 2.5GbE and flawless Mac/Windows/Chrome compatibility make it the gold standard at $379.99. The Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99, down from a $259.99 list) is the best value for users without Thunderbolt, delivering 14 ports and dual 4K@120Hz over USB4. Budget buyers should grab the Anker 555 8-in-1 hub ($35.99) or the Hiearcool 7-in-1 ($16.95) for basic port expansion. [src1, src3, src5, src7]
The two shifts that matter this month are price, not technology. The Anker 778 — a fully certified Thunderbolt 4 dock — fell from $300 to $199.99, making certified Thunderbolt available at USB4 money for Windows buyers (Amazon currently shows a future ship date rather than in-stock, so check before ordering). And the MOKiN 13-in-1 that previously held the budget DisplayLink slot is now listed as "Currently unavailable" on Amazon with no price; the Plugable UD-6950PDH ($199.99), Macworld's Best DisplayLink Dock for MacBook, replaces it. That matters mainly to base M1, M2 and M3 Mac owners: Apple's base M4 and M5 chips now drive two external displays natively, so a DisplayLink dock is no longer the default answer for a new Mac. [src4, src9, src10, src11]
Top 8 Models Compared
Prices are the live Amazon US price on 2026-08-08 for the single unit in the colourway named in the buy link. Power is stated as two numbers — the dock's external PSU total, then the wattage actually delivered upstream to the laptop — because that upstream figure, not the PSU rating, is what determines whether the dock keeps a 16-inch MacBook Pro charged under load.
| Model | Price | Host protocol required | Ports | Power (PSU / to laptop) | Display output | Ethernet | Best For | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CalDigit TS4 (Space Gray) | $379.99 | Thunderbolt 4, 40 Gbps | 18 | 230W / 98W | 1x 8K@30Hz (Win) or 2x 6K@60Hz | 2.5GbE | Best overall | Check price |
| Plugable TBT-UDT3 | $299.95 | Thunderbolt 5, 80/120 Gbps | 11 | 180W / 140W | 2x 8K@120Hz (Win); up to 3x 6K@60Hz (Mac, M5 Pro/Max) | 2.5GbE | Future-proof, highest PD | Check price |
| Kensington SD5780T (K33040NA) | $284.99 | Thunderbolt 4, 40 Gbps | 11 | 180W / 100W (96W guaranteed under full load) | 2x 4K@60Hz or 1x 8K@30Hz | 1GbE | Enterprise / TAA procurement | Check price |
| Anker 778 TB4 Dock (Gray) | $199.99 | Thunderbolt 4, 40 Gbps | 12 | 180W / 100W (+30W per USB-C) | 1x 8K@30Hz or 4x 4K (Windows only) | 1GbE | Windows triple/quad display | Check price |
| Razer USB4 Dock (Black) | $199.99 | USB4, 40 Gbps | 14 | 180W / 100W | 2x 4K@120Hz | 1GbE | Best value dock | Check price |
| Plugable UD-6950PDH | $199.99 | USB-C 5 Gbps + DisplayLink DL-6950 driver | 14 | 130W / 100W | 2x 4K@60Hz (2x HDMI 2.0 or 2x DP 1.2) | 1GbE | Dual display on base M1/M2/M3 Macs | Check price |
| Anker 555 Hub (8-in-1) | $35.99 | USB-C DP Alt Mode | 8 | Pass-through 85W (hub itself draws 15W) | 1x 4K@60Hz on DP 1.4 hosts; 4K@30Hz on DP 1.2 | 1GbE | Best budget hub | Check price |
| Hiearcool 7-in-1 Hub (Space Grey) | $16.95 | USB-C DP Alt Mode | 7 | Pass-through 100W (charge only) | 1x 4K@30Hz | none | Ultra-budget travel | Check price |
Shared-bandwidth reality check. Port count is not the spec. Per each manufacturer's published port breakdown: on the Anker 778, two of the six USB-A ports run at 480 Mbps (USB 2.0), not 5 or 10 Gbps; on the Kensington SD5780T only three of the four USB-A ports are 10 Gbps, the fourth being a 5V/1.5A charging-only port; and on the Anker 555 only the HDMI port carries video at all — its USB-C port is data-only, so it can never drive two screens. The Plugable UD-6950PDH is a 5 Gbps USB 3.0 device whose two 4K outputs are compressed in software rather than tunnelled at 40 Gbps. [src9, src12]
How Many External Displays Your Mac Can Actually Drive
This is the question that sends most people to this card, and no dock can change the answer — the limit lives in the Apple silicon chip, not in the dock. [src10, src11]
| Chip (MacBook) | External displays natively | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| M1, M2 base | 1 | Up to 6K@60Hz over Thunderbolt. A second screen requires DisplayLink software. |
| M3 base | 1 with the lid open, 2 with the lid closed | Apple added the lid-closed dual-display mode in a macOS update, not a hardware change. |
| M4, M5 base | 2, lid open or closed | Closing the lid does NOT add a third. This is the generation that removed the need for DisplayLink on a base Mac. |
| M1/M2/M3/M4/M5 Pro | 2 (M4/M5 Pro: up to 3 on some configurations) | Mixed 6K + 4K@144Hz combinations are supported. |
| M1–M5 Max | 4 | Typically 3x 6K@60Hz over Thunderbolt plus 1x 4K@60Hz over HDMI. |
What DisplayLink buys, and what it costs. DisplayLink docks (here, the Plugable UD-6950PDH) compress the desktop in software on the host CPU, push it over plain USB, and decompress it in the dock's DL-6950 chip. That bypasses the chip limit — but it is not free: it needs the DisplayLink Manager app installed on macOS 11+, it adds measurable CPU load and roughly one to three frames of latency versus a native output, and while the driver is active macOS turns HDCP off system-wide, so Netflix, Disney+, Apple TV+ and other protected streams refuse to play on every screen including the built-in one. Use it for spreadsheets, code and documents; do not use it for protected video, gaming or colour-critical grading. [src9, src10, src12]
Windows and ChromeOS hosts have no equivalent chip-level display cap, so a Windows user with a Thunderbolt 4 laptop should buy a native dock (Anker 778, Kensington SD5780T, CalDigit TS4) rather than a DisplayLink one. [src2, src3]
Best for Each Use Case
Best Overall: CalDigit TS4 ($379.99, Thunderbolt 4, Space Gray) — Check price
The CalDigit TS4 packs 18 ports into a compact vertical dock — three Thunderbolt 4 downstream, three USB-C 10 Gbps, five USB-A 10 Gbps, DisplayPort 1.4, 2.5 GbE, SD/microSD UHS-II, and front/rear audio. Its 230W external supply delivers a sustained 98W upstream to the laptop, which is enough to keep a 14-inch MacBook Pro or most Windows ultrabooks charged under load, but short of the 140W a 16-inch MacBook Pro can draw at peak. Windows Central still calls it "the best docking station on the market" for users not yet on Thunderbolt 5 in 2026, and at $379.99 it remains the most expensive pick here. Windows hosts get a single 8K@30Hz output; macOS tops out at 6K@60Hz per display. [src3, src6]
Best Future-Proof: Plugable TBT-UDT3 ($299.95, Thunderbolt 5) — Check price
An 11-port Thunderbolt 5 dock with 80 Gbps symmetric bandwidth (120 Gbps in Bandwidth Boost mode), a 180W supply delivering 140W upstream — the highest laptop charging in this comparison — and 2.5GbE. It drives 2x 8K@120Hz or 2x 4K@144Hz on a Thunderbolt 5 Windows host, and up to 3x 6K@60Hz on an M5 Pro/Max Mac; on a base M1/M2 Mac it is still limited to a single display, because Thunderbolt 5 does not override the chip. It carries both a Macworld Best of 2026 award and a PCWorld Editors' Choice badge, and it is driverless on macOS and Windows. Its price has moved back up to the $299.95 list from a ~$255 July promotion, so it no longer undercuts the TS4 as sharply — but it is still $80 cheaper with far more power delivery. Falls back to Thunderbolt 4 speeds on TB4/TB3/USB4 hosts. [src2, src8, src13]
Best Value Dock: Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99, USB4, Black) — Check price
At $199.99 — 23% off its $259.99 list — the Razer USB4 Dock delivers 14 ports including HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-A, USB-C, Gigabit Ethernet, SD/microSD, and a 180W adapter delivering 100W to the laptop, all over USB4 without requiring Thunderbolt certification. Its primary display runs up to 4K@120Hz with a second screen alongside. Windows Central called it "practically flawless" and the best value for users who do not have a Thunderbolt-equipped PC. The all-metal casing runs cool, which matters in this class. Caveat: USB4 certification is optional and looser than Thunderbolt, so PCIe tunneling for Thunderbolt SSDs and eGPU-class peripherals is not guaranteed. [src5, src3]
Best for Enterprise/IT: Kensington SD5780T ($284.99, Thunderbolt 4, K33040NA) — Check price
PCWorld's current pick as the best Thunderbolt 4 dock overall. The SD5780T combines two downstream Thunderbolt 4 ports (15W each, statically allocated so the laptop still receives its full 96W when every port is loaded), HDMI, four USB-A (three at 10 Gbps plus one 5V/1.5A charging port), Gigabit Ethernet — 1GbE, not 2.5GbE — and a UHS-II SD 4.0 reader in a VESA-mountable aluminium chassis. Intel VT-d DMA protection, DockWorks MAC-address pass-through, a three-year warranty and TAA compliance are what earn it the enterprise slot. Its price has risen from $244 in July to $284.99, and Amazon currently shows only one unit in stock. Note that its own documentation states base M1/M2/M3 Macs will drive only a single display from it. [src2, src3]
Best Multi-Monitor (Windows): Anker 778 ($199.99, Thunderbolt 4, Gray) — Check price
The biggest price move on this card: the Anker 778 has fallen from $300 to $199.99, which makes a fully certified Thunderbolt 4 dock cost the same as the USB4 Razer. It drives a single 8K@30Hz display or four 4K displays on Windows via HDMI 2.1 and dual DisplayPort, with a 180W supply delivering 100W upstream plus 30W from each of its two USB-C ports. Two of its six USB-A ports are USB 2.0 at 480 Mbps, so plan your peripheral layout. Mac users should look elsewhere: Anker states it is not compatible with M1/M2 MacBooks (nor with Asus laptops using an AMD CPU). Check availability before ordering — Amazon is currently listing a future ship date rather than in-stock. [src4]
Best for Base M1/M2/M3 Macs: Plugable UD-6950PDH ($199.99, USB-C + DisplayLink) — Check price
Macworld's Best DisplayLink Dock for MacBook, and the replacement for the discontinued MOKiN 13-in-1 that previously held this slot. It uses a DisplayLink DL-6950 chip to put two 4K@60Hz displays on any Mac — including base M1, M2 and M3 machines that natively support only one — over 2x HDMI 2.0, 2x DisplayPort 1.2, or one of each. Fourteen ports in total, a 130W supply delivering 100W upstream, Gigabit Ethernet, SD/microSD readers and a front USB-C. The host link is plain 5 Gbps USB 3.0, and the DisplayLink Manager app must be installed manually on macOS 11+ (Windows 10+ and ChromeOS 100+ are also supported). The hard limitation: HDCP is disabled on macOS whenever this dock is connected, so protected streaming will not play on any display. If you have an M4 or M5 Mac, you do not need this dock — buy a native Thunderbolt or USB4 dock instead. [src9, src12]
Best Budget Hub: Anker 555 8-in-1 ($35.99, USB-C) — Check price
Now $35.99, down 28% from its $49.99 list — the cheapest way to add a monitor and wired Ethernet at once. It provides 4K@60Hz HDMI on a DP 1.4 host (4K@30Hz on a DP 1.2 host), Gigabit Ethernet, microSD/SD, a 10 Gbps USB-C data port and two USB-A, plus 85W pass-through charging. Two things to know: only the HDMI port carries video, so this hub can never drive two screens, and the hub itself consumes 15W, so use a 100W charger if you want the full 85W to reach your laptop. Anker also states it is not compatible with Linux. [src1, src7]
Best Ultra-Budget: Hiearcool 7-in-1 ($16.95, USB-C, Space Grey) — Check price
Under $20 (15% off a $19.99 list) with 4K HDMI, dual USB-A 3.0 at 5 Gbps, SD/microSD, and 100W charge-only USB-C pass-through. The HDMI maxes out at 4K@30Hz — fine for a projector or a presentation, visibly laggy as a desktop monitor — and there is no Ethernet, but for travel it is hard to beat at the price. [src1, src7]
Head-to-Head Comparisons
CalDigit TS4 (Thunderbolt 4) vs Plugable TBT-UDT3 (Thunderbolt 5)
The Plugable TBT-UDT3 ($299.95) is $80 cheaper than the TS4 ($379.99) and delivers 140W upstream versus the TS4's 98W — the deciding number if you own a 16-inch MacBook Pro or a 140W-class Windows workstation. The TS4 wins on port count (18 vs 11) and is the safer pick if you do not yet have a Thunderbolt 5 host, since a TB5 dock on a TB4 laptop simply runs at TB4 speed. Both offer 2.5GbE. [src2, src8, src13]
Pick TS4 if: you need maximum ports today and your laptop is TB3/TB4/USB4.
Pick TBT-UDT3 if: you have (or are buying) a Thunderbolt 5 laptop, or you need 140W charging.
CalDigit TS4 vs Razer USB4 Dock
The TS4 has more ports (18 vs 14), 2.5GbE versus 1GbE, and three downstream Thunderbolt 4 ports (the Razer has none, and USB4 does not guarantee PCIe tunneling for Thunderbolt SSDs). But the Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99) costs $180 less and matches it on upstream power (100W vs 98W) and practical display output (2x 4K@120Hz vs 2x 6K@60Hz). For anyone without Thunderbolt peripherals, that $180 buys nothing they will use. [src3, src5]
Pick TS4 if: you have Thunderbolt SSDs or audio interfaces, or need 2.5GbE.
Pick Razer USB4 Dock if: you have a USB-C/USB4-only laptop and want the best dock at $200.
Anker 778 vs Razer USB4 Dock (both $199.99)
The most useful matchup on this card after the Anker's price collapse: a certified Thunderbolt 4 dock and a USB4 dock at exactly the same $199.99. The Anker 778 gives you guaranteed 40 Gbps with PCIe tunneling, a downstream Thunderbolt 4 port, and up to four 4K displays on Windows. The Razer gives you 14 ports instead of 12, all-metal cooling, a 4K@120Hz primary display, and — crucially — it works on Macs, which the Anker does not on M1/M2 machines. Two of the Anker's USB-A ports are USB 2.0; none of the Razer's are. [src4, src5]
Pick Anker 778 if: you are on Windows, need three or four displays, or want Thunderbolt certification at USB4 money.
Pick Razer USB4 Dock if: you are on a Mac, want a confirmed in-stock unit today, or want the faster USB-A ports.
Plugable UD-6950PDH (DisplayLink) vs Razer USB4 Dock (native)
Both $199.99, and they solve different problems. The Razer outputs video natively at up to 4K@120Hz with no driver, no CPU cost and full HDCP — but it cannot exceed your Mac's chip limit, so on a base M1/M2 it still gives you one screen. The Plugable UD-6950PDH gives you two 4K@60Hz screens on any Mac, at the cost of a driver install, CPU overhead, one to three frames of added latency, and HDCP being switched off system-wide. [src5, src9, src12]
Pick Razer USB4 Dock if: your Mac is M4/M5 (or any Pro/Max), or you stream protected video while docked.
Pick Plugable UD-6950PDH if: you have a base M1, M2 or M3 Mac and genuinely need a second screen for documents and code.
Anker 555 Hub vs Hiearcool 7-in-1 Hub (budget tier)
At $35.99 vs $16.95, the Anker 555 roughly doubles the Hiearcool's capability: Gigabit Ethernet (the Hiearcool has none), 4K@60Hz HDMI on a DP 1.4 host versus a flat 4K@30Hz cap, and a 10 Gbps USB-C data port versus 5 Gbps USB-A. Neither can drive two displays. The Hiearcool wins only on price and on being small enough to forget in a bag. [src1, src7]
Pick Anker 555 if: you want a desk hub with wired Ethernet and a smooth 60Hz 4K desktop.
Pick Hiearcool 7-in-1 if: you need a $17 travel dongle for projectors and presentations.
Decision Logic
If budget < $40
→ Get the Anker 555 8-in-1 ($35.99) for one-monitor setups that also need wired Ethernet, or the Hiearcool 7-in-1 ($16.95) for travel. Neither can drive two displays — only their HDMI port carries video. [src1, src7]
If user has a base M1, M2 or M3 MacBook and needs 2+ external monitors
→ The Plugable UD-6950PDH ($199.99) with the DisplayLink Manager app is the way to drive dual 4K@60Hz displays from a single-external-display Mac. No native Thunderbolt or USB4 dock can bypass Apple's chip-level limit. Accept the trade: CPU overhead, added latency, and HDCP disabled system-wide so protected streaming will not play. [src9, src10, src12]
If user has a base M4 or M5 MacBook and needs 2 external monitors
→ Do NOT buy a DisplayLink dock. M4 and M5 base chips drive two external displays natively, so buy a native dock — the Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99) for USB4 hosts or the CalDigit TS4 ($379.99) for Thunderbolt — and keep HDCP and full GPU output. [src10, src11]
If user has a Thunderbolt 5 laptop
→ Get the Plugable TBT-UDT3 ($299.95) — 80/120 Gbps, 2.5GbE, and the highest laptop charging here at 140W from a 180W supply. Step up to the CalDigit TS5 ($399) or TS5 Plus ($499) for more ports and up to 330W. [src2, src8, src13]
If primary use is a permanent Windows desk setup with 3 or 4 displays
→ The Anker 778 ($199.99) is now the cheapest certified Thunderbolt 4 route to four 4K displays; the CalDigit TS4 ($379.99) is the alternative if you want 18 ports and 2.5GbE instead of the extra display heads. Verify the Anker's ship date before ordering. [src3, src4]
If user does not have Thunderbolt but has USB-C/USB4
→ The Razer USB4 Dock ($199.99) matches Thunderbolt 4 dock performance over USB4 at $180 less than the TS4. Do not expect guaranteed PCIe tunneling for Thunderbolt SSDs — USB4 certification does not require it. [src5]
If user needs TAA-compliant or enterprise procurement
→ The Kensington SD5780T ($284.99) is the only option here with TAA compliance, Intel VT-d DMA protection, DockWorks management, a three-year warranty and a VESA-mountable chassis. It is 1GbE, not 2.5GbE — specify accordingly. [src2, src3]
If the laptop is a 16-inch MacBook Pro or a 140W-class Windows workstation
→ Only the Plugable TBT-UDT3 ($299.95) delivers 140W upstream. Every other pick here tops out at 98-100W, which will charge slowly or not at all under sustained load. [src13]
Default recommendation
→ The CalDigit TS4 ($379.99) is the safest pick for unknown requirements — 18 ports, 98W upstream from a 230W supply, 2.5GbE, dual display, and universal compatibility with Thunderbolt 3/4/5, USB4 and USB-C hosts. [src3, src6]
Key Market Trends (2026)
- Thunderbolt 5 is established, but prices have stopped falling: CalDigit's TS5 ($399) and TS5 Plus ($499, 20 ports, 330W) anchor the top of the market alongside Sonnet's Echo 13 TB5 SSD dock and OWC's TB5 dock. The Plugable TBT-UDT3 has gone the other way, returning from a ~$255 July promotion to its $299.95 list. Discounting, not new silicon, is what moves this tier now. [src2, src6, src8, src13]
- Certified Thunderbolt 4 has collapsed into USB4 pricing: The Anker 778 fell from $300 to $199.99 — exactly the price of the USB4 Razer dock — while PCWorld's budget Thunderbolt 4 pick (a Wavlink triple-display dock) sits at $199. A certified 40 Gbps dock with PCIe tunneling is no longer a premium purchase. [src2, src4, src5]
- Apple removed the main reason to buy DisplayLink: Base M4 and M5 chips drive two external displays natively, so the DisplayLink workaround is now a fix for the installed base of M1, M2 and M3 machines rather than a default recommendation for anyone buying a new Mac. [src10, src11]
- Churn at the cheap end of the DisplayLink market: The MOKiN 13-in-1 that held this card's budget multi-monitor slot in July is now listed on Amazon as "Currently unavailable" with no price. Sub-$100 DisplayLink docks appear and vanish; the established brands (Plugable, Kensington) are where the driver and firmware support actually lives. [src9, src12]
- Price compression at the low end continues: The Anker 555 8-in-1 now sells at $35.99 against a $49.99 list, and the Hiearcool 7-in-1 at $16.95 — a 4K hub with Gigabit Ethernet for the price of a decent cable. [src1, src7]
Important Caveats
- Prices are the live Amazon US prices captured on 2026-08-08 for the exact single-unit configuration named in each table row. This category moves 20-40% on promotion, and three of the eight picks moved more than 15% in the five weeks since the previous verification
- Availability at time of verification: the Kensington SD5780T showed only one unit in stock, and the Anker 778 showed a future ship date rather than in-stock. The MOKiN 13-in-1 carried on the previous version of this card is now "Currently unavailable" and has been replaced by the Plugable UD-6950PDH. A scarcity banner is a reason to compare, not a reason to hurry
- Thunderbolt 5 docks fall back to Thunderbolt 4 speeds on TB4/TB3/USB4 hosts — no performance penalty, but no speed gain either, and no change to a Mac's native display count
- DisplayLink multi-monitor (here, the Plugable UD-6950PDH) adds host CPU overhead and roughly one to three frames of latency, and disables HDCP system-wide on macOS, so Netflix, Disney+ and Apple TV+ will not play on any display while it is connected. It is unsuitable for gaming, video editing or colour-critical work on the added screens
- Mac external-display support is set by the chip, not the dock: base M1/M2 = 1; M3 base = 1 with the lid open and 2 with it closed; M4/M5 base = 2; Pro = 2 (some M4/M5 Pro configurations 3); Max = 4
- USB4 certification is optional and less strict than Thunderbolt — PCIe tunneling, guaranteed dual 4K@60Hz and 40 Gbps downstream are not assured on a USB4 dock
- Power delivery is two numbers. The PSU rating on the box (130-230W across these picks) is not what reaches the laptop (85-140W upstream). Size on the upstream number, and note that a bus-powered hub like the Anker 555 consumes 15W for itself before passing the rest through
- Physical requirements that cause returns: the CalDigit TS4 and Kensington SD5780T both need mains power and are not bus-powered, and both ship with a 0.8m Intel-certified Thunderbolt 4 cable that is short enough to dictate where the dock sits; the Kensington's VESA mounting bracket (K34050WW) and the USB-C-to-HDMI or USB-C-to-DisplayPort adapter its second display needs are both sold separately
- Not compatibility advice for a specific machine: verify your laptop's port type (Thunderbolt 4/5, USB4, or USB-C DP Alt Mode) against the "Host protocol required" column before buying — a Thunderbolt dock on a DP-Alt-Mode-only USB-C port will not deliver the advertised displays or bandwidth